Phospho-c-Raf (Ser338) Monoclonal Antibody (pS338[DPR/2/2a/3a])

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Product Description

This antibody does not bind to unactivated Raf-1 or Raf-1 phosphorylated at Y341 and S339. IHC staining requires heat-mediated antigen retrieval using a 10mM citrate buffer for 10-20 min, pH 6.0, followed by cooling at room temperature for 10-20 min. Raf-1 (c-Raf) is a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) which functions downstream of the Ras family of membrane associated GTPases to which it binds directly. Once activated Raf-1 can phosphorylate to activate the dual specificity protein kinases MEK1 and MEK2 which in turn phosphorylate to activate the serine/threonine specific protein kinases ERK1 and ERK2. Activated ERKs are pleiotropic effectors of cell physiology and play an important role in the control of gene expression involved in the cell division cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Mutations in this gene are associated with Noonan syndrome 5 and LEOPARD syndrome 2.